We estimate Eq. (1) by replacing Dij (Bij) with three different sets of dowry and bride price paid to others (i.e., \( \overlinej>> \) and \( \overlinej>> \) , \( \overline> \) and \( \overline> \) , or the community-based dowry and bride price), and three sets of reduced-form estimation results are presented in Table 4. Each panel presents estimation results of a reduced-form regression with a different set of dowry and bride price paid to others. To be comparable with Panel A, the OLS estimation results with women who have at least one brother and one sister are presented in Appendix Table 8. The reduced-form estimation results support the main OLS estimation results shown in Table 2. That is, women enjoy higher status in the ily that tends to exchange higher dowries and when they come from a higher-dowry village, whereas a larger bride price is negatively associated with these same traits. Here, the amount of bride price paid to the wife’s sisters by their in-laws is significantly negatively associated with the wife’s autonomy. The third set, i.e., the community-based dowry and bride price, does not show any significant association with women’s status. This is likely because relatively weaker association between the community-based dowry (bride price) and the personal dowry (bride price) that the bride receives from her parents (in-laws) than other two sets. The estimates for other coefficients are not inconsistent with those shown in Table 2 and are available upon request.
Table cuatro Organization between dowry/bride to be rates (repaid from the in the-statutes regarding siblings, someone else regarding the community and community) and you will wife’s reputation regarding the relationship family (OLS)
4.step three Discussion and you may robustness inspections
Inside deciding the new ladies’ reputation regarding marital household, the result of your online dowry (dowry without bride to be price) could possibly get amount. Remember that the degree of deferred mehr is roofed independently out-of the web based dowry given that former has never been repaid except if divorce proceedings happen and should not be considered assets delivered into relationships. The results recommend that the newest assets brought into the ount) increase her choice-and then make energy and you will flexibility. These positive contacts commonly surprising as new contacts of fiance price repaid at the time of wedding work at stop to that from dowry however estimations.
Possibly, an elevated many years otherwise knowledge variation might deteriorate this new wife’s condition on the marital domestic. And additionally ages difference in addition to training difference (substitution this new partner’s decades and knowledge) will not affect the chief outcomes, and the coefficients of them variables aren’t significant (Appendix Table 9, Committee B).
This new quote process are frequent by the replacement dowry and you will bride speed which have net dowry (Appendix Desk nine, Committee A great)
You to you’ll argue that the number of many years because relationships are important since the outcome off dowry (or bride-to-be rates) is deeper soon after relationships. And additionally ages as the ount out-of dowry (substitution female’s decades during the marriage) magnifies the beds base aftereffect of dowry from inside the ladies independency but reduces their magnitude as well as the benefits level from inside the women’s decision making (Appendix Desk nine, Committee C). This implies one a more impressive dowry advances the wife’s freedom in this new relationship domestic once matrimony; although not, the fresh new organization is not significantly impacted by the newest passage through of age because matrimony.
No way of measuring gender ideology is included in the main estimate due to endogeneity questions. One to might believe introduction of such tips get er Rumensk kvinner mer konservitive enn amerikanske kvinner? weaken the new organization ranging from dowry and you can ladies’ position from the relationship household. Although we don’t refuse the possibility that needs and you may ideological thinking concerning the gender affairs are not inherent and alter along side marital existence, the new estimation procedure was constant from the and several measures having young buck preference: the first variable means one if the wife’s better quantity of sons was more than regarding daughters plus the second equals you to if the wife desires to offer advanced schooling so you can sons as opposed to so you can daughters. Handling to have gender ideology will not substantially impact the main quote results (Appendix Table 9, Committee D). Remarkably, ladies decision-making try certainly with the young man liking. But not, it is adversely from the liking having taking advanced schooling in order to sons than daughters. A possible translation would be the fact highly experienced feminine is generally up against gender inequality inside degree and stay more motivated throughout the relationship domestic however, like having more sons than simply daughters. So it appears in keeping with some present education showing you to definitely young man taste is far more prevalent one of extremely experienced feminine instead of ignorant women in the South Asia (Das Gupta 1987; Muhuri and you will Preston 1991).